Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Essay about Human Rights in Africa - 1855 Words

Introduction The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is an international document that states some basic rights and necessary or fundamental freedoms for every human beings. (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) It was created by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 10th December 1948. (The Foundation of the Human Rights law)It is made up of thirty articles which apply to everyone and this is the first time that countries agreed on a relating or comprehensive statement of inalienable human rights (UDHR Britannica). Angola has one of a fastest growing economy in the world and annual average GDP growth is 11.1%. However, they still have a higher rate of poverty and not many people are educated well enough. Since†¦show more content†¦(http://www.visionofhumanity.org/#page/indexes/global-peace-index/2013/AGO,MWI,ZMB/OVER) As I listed above human rights have continuously been violated in Angola, Malawi, Zambia in Africa. The article that have been violated in these 3 regions are their rights to freedom which is written in Article 9 and torturing or giving a cruel or degrading punishment to citizen which is written in Article 5 . For example, unlawful killings by police and military. Also torture or rape by security forces and especially life-threatening prison conditions are quite common in Africa. (Article 5) These are some of the human rights violated situation that I will be discussing and writing about in this report. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo) ( Violation Article 5 ) Article 5 on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that no one should be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. This basically means that people have their own rights so they can’t get tortured or subjected to murderous punishments without any reasons. Many of the victims were being hit without knowing why they were being punished and treated inhumanly. This is the common types of human violation that happens in Angola. In Angola, There were reports of overindulgent use of force and arbitrary arrests and confinements that is done byShow MoreRelatedHuman Rights Violations in South Africa733 Words   |  3 PagesEvery South African citizen is entitled to the human rights that are listed in the Constitution. Human’s rights are there to make sure that people get treated fairly and equally and protect people from dangers that they face. 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HeRead More The African National Congress and the Fight Against South African Apartheid1666 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"separateness† in Afrikaans Language. Human Rights, according to â€Å"Article 1, UN Declaration of Rights† states that â€Å" All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in spirit of brotherhood†. The native Africans were being segregated from the whites and were treated as second class citizens. The black residents felt that the apartheid policies violated their rights. Human rights of South African natives were violated

Monday, December 9, 2019

A study in contrast the views of catherine barkley Essay Example For Students

A study in contrast the views of catherine barkley Essay and brettA Study in Contrast:The views of Catherine Barkley and Brett Ashley in their perspective classesDuring the early 1900’s, after the death of Queen Victoria, the European world went through a great change under the influence of the Free Women’s movement and WWI. It was a time of great confusion, women were faced with choices unheard of before, and having to fight against what they had been taught their entire lives. Characters like Brett Ashley from Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises â€Å"presented the image of the short-skirted, shimmying, seductive, sleek femininity promising unprecedented freedom for the twentieth-century.† Others characters like Catherine Barkley, A Farewell to Arms, presented a more conservative Victorian way of life, akin to a male dominant world. These, Hemingway’s most famous female characters, are reflective in their contrast to the decaying Victorian society of the 1800’s and the feminist movement of the early 1900’s. Hemmingway’s attempt to create the perfect wife through Catherine, may have in fact been too successful, as he leaves the reader questioning whether she â€Å"is too idealistic, too selflessly loving and giving to be believed as a character.† This is no truer than at the hospital after Catherine informs Frederic (Tenente), that she is pregnant her only concern becomes his happiness despite his constant pleas that he is in fact happy about the pregnancy. This is only overshadowed by her constant reassurances that she will be a â€Å"good girl†, never failing to apologize hastily for any momentary lapse in judgement. In fact, Catherine never fails to support Frederic for any of the risks he takes with his health, through drinking or the operation. While this submissive support for Frederic may seem surreal, it actually reflects the women of the Victorian era. The concepts of Victorianism are in no way supportive of Catherine’s realism; they only provide a potential reason for her surreal personality. Brett, in contrast to Catherine is believable due to her faults. Brett is more human through her realization that she uses men like Count Mippipopulous and Pedro Romero, for wealth and lust. Brett’s understanding of her own nature is therefore more easily sympathized with and is what makes her character interesting. Brett’s morals are perhaps the most honest part of her character as they portray those ideals that directly conflict with the world around her. One example of this is her multiple relationships outside of her engagement to Mike, which would have been outrageous for the time. The Victorian family would look at her as nothing short of a prostitute and yet the male of a household would most honestly be attracted to her. The family belief that â€Å"a modest woman seldom desires any sexual gratification for herself† was just the double standard that Brett rebelled against. This shows strength in character, found in few others during the period and is what gives the reader a better understanding of why Brett is the way she is. Catherine’s desire to feel protected is a foil to Brett’s quest for freedom. Protected from the fear of abandonment and loneliness that come with failed attempts at love. Catherine’s previous marriage, which ended in the death of her husband, has left many emotional scars, making it difficult to deal with the stages of recommitting herself to another person. She finds her new relationship with Frederic difficult at first because she questions whether she is discrediting her previous husbands memory. Catherine’s desire for protection and companionship eventually overcomes her fear of commitment and she falls deeply in love. Frederic had to commit on a very strong level to Catherine, in order for her to get over her previous husband. This serious a relationship was not Frederic’s desire at first however; he was quick to feel the love for her that she proclaimed to him. Catherine ’s desire for protection is reflective of Victorian society in which women would marry older men for the protection that their status would provide. Although Catherine desires protection, she is not typical to the Victorian lifestyle in that she has a career, even as a nurse this was not common for the time. The irony in this is that Catherine shows a sense of independence that Brett has yet to achieve.Brett and Jake’s relationship shows yet another side of Brett, one in which love is the very source of her pain. This contrasts sharply to that of Frederic and Catherine who draw upon each other for strength. The cab scene in which Brett and Jake discuss their feelings for one another is perhaps the most revealing. â€Å"You mustn’t. You must know. I can’t stand it, that’s all. Oh, darling please understand!† â€Å"Don’t you love me?† â€Å"Love you? I simply turn all to jelly when you touch me.† Brett is so adamant about not committing to others because the only man she loves is unable to give her the affection she desires. Jake’s injury is cause to question that if Brett truly loved him, she would relinquish her own desires in order to consummate their love. However, it must be acknowledged that Brett is part of a social revolution in which women began to expect the same rights as men. Brett rebels against the undyingly faithful part of Catherine’s lifestyle, not purely for the right of being a free woman, but because she is physically unable to be with the man, she loves. Catherine and Jake actually share war scars that their partners have a difficult time dealing with; this was a major issue of the time, as many people had to deal with death or disfigurement. .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47 , .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47 .postImageUrl , .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47 , .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47:hover , .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47:visited , .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47:active { border:0!important; } .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47:active , .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47 .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uef46347e54b4d1100f85d643d25b6f47:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alexander the Great4 EssayPerhaps Brett and Catherine’s only obvious similarity lies in their ability to deceive themselves. Brett is perhaps the more guilty, as she lies to herself in order to portray the image that she is the free independent, a woman of few constraints willing to braise the world. Brett is evidently not what she seems, in that she relies on men to pay for the lifestyle that she has grown accustom to. Her previous marriage into the British Aristocracy provides her with the status of â€Å"Lady† and an annual allowance that are in direct conflict with the image that she wishes to portray. Likewise, Catherine lies to herself about the loving relationship that she and Frederic seem to share at the beginning of the novel. Through an early, albeit untrue, declaration of love, Catherine and Frederic attempt to hide there true feelings. Catherine feels as though any attempt at a relationship will discredit her previous husband’s memory however, if she were to fall in love there would be less reason to feel guilty. Love is something that can not be avoided, this is what Catherine attempts to convince herself of in order to share a relationship with Frederic. Cetherine and Frederic shared what could be described as a Victorian marriage, in which husband and wife would willingly lie to one another as well as deceive themselves, if only to avert a potential argument or scene. There is irony in the fact that the only thing Brett and Catherine share is contentment to deceive themselves however, this reflects on how each generation shares at least some characteristics of the generation before. Though primarily diverse, the p re and post 1900 societies shared some of the issues surrounding war and revolution. This changing period in time showed the turn of a new generation of women whose labors and decisions became valuable through war. Through jobs like nursing, women like Catherine were able to experience a new feeling of purpose, and yet still retain the beliefs that gave them a feeling of safety. Consequently, the slow decline of Victorian beliefs due to the women’s movement gave women like Brett the chance to experience the world in ways unheard of before such as the bull fights and the chance to choose their suitor. The evolutionary gap between the Victorian society and the society of today may be smaller than it seems, many of the positive beliefs in family and commitment were retained from that time as seen through Catherine. Brett on the other hand shows where the lack of freedom has gone and where the choice for women now remains. Bibliography-The Sun Also Rises-A Students Companion to the Novel,-Michael Reynolds, (work study)-Published by twain publishers-Ernest Hemingway and the Arts,-Emily Watts-Copy right, Library of congress, 1971-Hemingway’s First War-Michael Reynolds-Published 1987, by Basil Blackwell ltd. -Hemingway: The writer as artist-Carlos Baker-First edition published 1952, by Princeton University press. -Critical Essays on Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises,-Edited by James Nagel-Published by Maxwell Macmillen Canada, inc. -Critical Essays on Ernest Hemingways A Farewell to Arms,-Edited by James Nagel-Published by Maxwell Macmillen Canada, inc. -Victorian England-W.J. Reader-Published 1964, by B.T. Batford-The Victorians: A World Built to Last-Edited by G. Perry and N. Mason-Published 1974

Monday, December 2, 2019

Pythagorean Philosophy and Its Influence on Musical free essay sample

New York: Dover Publications Ferreira, Lawrence (1991). Philosophy and the Analysis of Music. New York: Greenwood Press. Johnston, Ian (1989). Measured Tones. New York: IIOP Publishing. Rowel, Lewis (1983). Thinking About Music. Amherst: The university of Massachusetts Press. Music is the harmonistic of opposites, the unification of disparate things, and the conciliation of warring elements MusIc is the basis of agreement among things in nature and of the best government in the universe. As a rule it assumes the guise of harmony In the universe, of lawful government In a state, and of a sensible way of life in the home. It brings together and unites. The Pythagoreans Every school student will recognize his name as the originator of that theorem which offers many cheerful facts about the square on the hypotenuse. Many European philosophers will call him the father of philosophy. Many scientists will call him the father of science. To musicians, nonetheless, Pythagoras is the father of music. We will write a custom essay sample on Pythagorean Philosophy and Its Influence on Musical or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According outshone, it was a much told story that one day the young Pythagoras was passing a blacksmiths shop and his ear was caught by he regular intervals of sounds from the anvil. When he discovered that the hammers were of different weights, It occurred to him that the intervals might be related to those weights. Pythagoras was correct. Pythagorean philosophy maintained that all things are numbers. Based on the belief that numbers were the building blocks of everything, Pythagoras began linking numbers and music. Revolutionize music.Pythagoras findings generated theorems and standards for musical scales, relationships, instruments, and creative formation. Musical scales became defined, and taught. Instrument makers began a precision approach to device construction. Composers developed new attitudes of composition that encompassed a foundation of numeric value In addition to melody. All three approaches were based on Pythagorean philosophy. Thus, Pythagoras relationship between numbers and music had a profound Influence on future musical education, instrumentation, and composition.The intrinsic discovery made by Pythagoras was the potential order to the chaos and pitches into distinct notes. Mathematically he divided intervals into wholes, thirds, and halves. Four distinct musical ratios were discovered: the tone, its fourth, its fifth, and its octave. Nonstop, 1989). From these ratios the Pythagorean scale was introduced. This scale revolutionized music. Pythagorean relationships of ratios held true for any initial pitch. This discovery, in turn, reformed musical education. With the standardization of music, musical creativity could be recorded, taught, and reproduced. (Rowel, 1983). Modern day finger exercises, such as the Hanson, are neither based on melody or creativity. They are simply based on the Pythagorean scale, and are executed from various initial pitches. Creating a foundation for musical representation, works became recordable. From the Pythagorean scale and simple mathematical calculations, different scales or modes Mere developed. The Dorian, Lydia, Logician, and Ecclesiastical modes were all developed from the foundation of Pythagoras. Nonstop, 1989). The basic foundations of musical education are based on the various modes of scalar relationships. (Ferreira, 1991). Pythagoras discoveries created a starting point for structured music. From this, diverse educational schemes Mere created upon basic themes. Pythagoras and his mathematics created the foundation for musical education as it is now known. According to Rowel, Pythagoras began his experiments demonstrating the tones of bells of different sizes. Bells of variant size produce different harmonic ratios. (Ferreira, 1991). Analyzing the different ratios, Pythagoras began defining different musical pitches based on bell diameter, and density. Based on Pythagorean harmonic relationships, and Pythagorean geometry, bell-makers began constructing bells with the principal pitch prime tone, and hum tones consisting of a fourth, a fifth, and the octave. Nonstop, 1989). Ironically or coincidentally, these tones were all members of the Pythagorean scale. In addition, Pythagoras initiated comparable experimentation with pipes of different lengths. Through this method of study he unearthed two astonishing inferences. When pipes of different lengths were hammered, they emitted different pitches, and when air was passed through these pipes respectively, alike results were attained. This sparked a revolution in the construction of melodic percussive instruments, as well as the wind different thickness stretched over altered lengths, and found another instance of numeric, musical correspondence. He discovered the initial length generated the strings primary one, while dissecting the string in half yielded an octave, thirds produced a fifth, quarters produced a fourth, and fifths produced a third. The circumstances around Pythagoras discovery in relation to strings and their resonance is astounding, and these catcalled the production of stringed instruments. (Bended, 1976). In a Nay, music is lucky that Pythagoras attitude to experimentation was as it was. His insight was indeed correct, and the realms of instrumentation would never be the same again. Furthermore, many composers adapted a mathematical model for music. According to Rowel, Schillings, a famous composer, and musical teacher of Gershwin, suggested an array of procedures for deriving new scales, rhythms, and structures by applying various mathematical transformations and permutations. His approach was enormously popular, and widely respected. The influence comes from a Pythagoreans. Wherever this system has been successfully used, it has been by composers who were already well trained enough to distinguish the musical results. In 1804, Ludwig van thieving began growing deaf. He had begun composing at age seven and would compose another twenty-five years after his impairment took full effect. Creating music in a state of inaudibility, Beethoven had to rely on the relationships between pitches to produce his music. Composers, such as Beethoven, could rely on the structured musical relationships that instructed their creativity. (Ferreira, 1991). Without Pythagorean musical structure, Beethoven could not have created many of his astounding compositions, and would have failed to establish himself as one of the two greatest musicians of all time. Speaking of the greatest musicians of all time, perhaps another name comes to mind, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Mozart is clearly the greatest musician who ever lived. Ferreira, 1991). Mozart composed within the arena of his own mind. When he spoke to musicians in his orchestra, he spoke in relationship terms of thirds, fourths and fifths, and many others.Within deep analysis of Mozart music, musical scholars have discovered distinct similarities within his composition technique. According to Rowel, initially Nothing a Mozart composition, Mozart introduces a primary different pitch using mathematical transposition. After this, a second melodic theme is created. Returning to the initial hem, Mozart spirals the melody through a number of pitch changes, and returns the listener to the original pitch that began their Journey. Mozart comprehension of mathematics and melody is inequitable to other composers. His is clearly evident in one of his most famous works, his symphony number forty in 3-minor (Ferreira, 1991). Introit the structure of musical relationship these aforementioned musicians could not have achieved their musical aspirations. Pythagorean theories created the basis for their musical endeavourers. Mathematical music would not have been produced without these theories. Without edibility, consequently, music has no value, unless the relationship between written and performed music is so clearly defined, that it achieves a new sense of mental audibility to the Pythagorean skilled listener..As clearly stated above, Pythagoras correlation between music and numbers influenced musical members in every aspect of musical creation. His conceptualization and experimentation molded modern musical practices, instruments, and music itself into what it is today. What Pythagoras found so Needful was that his elegant, abstract train of thought produced something that people everywhere already knew o be aesthetically pleasing.Ultimately music is how our brains interpret the arithmetic, or the sounds, or the nerve impulses and how our interpretation matches what the performers, instrument makers, and composers thought they were doing during their respective creation. Pythagoras simply mathematical a foundation for these occurrences. He had discovered a connection between arithmetic and aesthetics, between the natural world and the human soul. Perhaps the same unifying principle could be applied elsewhere; and where better to try then with the puzzle of the heavens themselves. (Ferreira, 1983).